Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depression in Non-Institutionalized Older Women essays

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depression in Non-Institutionalized Older Women essays In a study of Omega-3 fatty acids, researchers Ma and Taylor sought to identify what effect the Fatty Acids have on mood and depression in elderly women. The focus on elderly women was chosen due to a high occurrence of both depression and risk of improper nutrition in those subjects. Researchers emphasized that understanding what nutritional aspects are fostering depression in elderly adults assists in improving the overall quality of life for those elderly individuals. Their hypothesis was that of a positive link between lack of Omega-3 fatty acids and depression in the elderly women test subjects. Subjects were chosen from a group volunteers who were not currently living in a nursing home and were women 65 or older. The original volunteer group was given one interview where they took a self-administered diet questionnaire, biochemical assessments, and erythrocyte fatty acids profile. Applicants physical profile was taken and they were also assessed for depression using MMSE, GDS, ADLs, and IADLs questionnaires. Of the applicants, 33 women participated. Subjects were mostly 65-84 years of age, white, widowed, with moderate education, and living above the poverty level. Ten of the 33 participating women were considered depressed. The diet questionnaires of each woman were analyzed and compared. Women who were depressed by researchers standards were shown to have significantly lower levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids in erythrocytes when compared to those women who were not depressed. Researchers report that the lower Omega-3 levels in their study appear to be from long-term lower dietary intake of Omega-3 fatty acids putting subjects at risk for depression. The authors are qualified researchers in their fields. Martha L. Taylor, PH.D., R.D., is Associate Professor in the Department of Nutrition at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro (U.N.C.G.). Bo Ma, M.D. is the Associate Dire...

Tricky Masculine Nouns in German

Tricky Masculine Nouns in German German is a pretty rule-heavy language but as with any rules, there are always exceptions. In this article, well dive into masculine nouns that have irregular endings. Masculine Nouns Ending in e Most German nouns ending in -e are feminine. But there are some very common e-ending masculine nouns - sometimes referred to as weak nouns. Many of them derived from adjectives. Here are a few common examples: der alte: old mander beamte: civil servantder deutsche: male Germander Franzose: Frenchmander fremde: strangerder gatte: male spouseder kollege: colleagueder kunde: customerder junge: boyder riese: giantder verwandte: relative Almost all such masculine nouns ending in -e (der Kse being a rare exception) add an -n ending in the genitive and plural. They also add an -n ending in any case other than the nominative - for example, the accusative, dative, and genitive cases (den/dem kollegen, des kollegen). But there are a few more variations on this ending theme. Some Masculine Nouns Add ens in the Genitive Another small group of German masculine nouns ending in -e requires an unusual ending in the genitive case. While most German masculine nouns add -s or -es in the genitive, these nouns add -ens instead. This group includes​: der  name/des namens: of the nameder glaube/des glaubens: of the beliefder buchstabe/des buchstabens: of the letter, referring to the alphabetder friede/des friedens: of the  peaceder funke/des funkens: of the sparkder same/des samens: of the seedder wille/des willens: of the  will Masculine Nouns Referring to Animals, People, Titles, or Professions This group of common masculine nouns includes some that end in -e (der là ¶we, lion), but there are also other typical endings: -ant (der kommandant), -ent (der prsident), -r (der br), -t (der architekt). As you can see, these German nouns often resemble the same word in English, French, or other languages. For nouns in this group, you need to add an -en ending in any case other than the nominative: Er sprach mit dem Prsidenten. (dative) Nouns That Add -n, -en   Some nouns add an n, en, or another ending in any case other than the nominative.   (AKK.) Kennst du den Franzosen? Do you know the Frenchman? (DAT.) Was hat sie  dem  Jungen  gegeben? What did she give the boy? (GEN.) Das ist der Name des Herrn. Thats the gentlemans name. Other Irregular German Masculine Nouns Endings shown are for (1) the genitive/accusative/dative and (2) the plural. der alte:  old man (-n, -n)der architekt:  architect (-en, -en)der automat: vending machine (-en, -en)der br  bear: (-en, -en) Often  des brs  in informal genitive usage.der bauer:  farmer, peasant; yokel (-n, -n)der beamte:  civil servant (-n, -n)der bote:  messenger (-n, -n)der bursche:  boy, lad; fellow, guy (-n, -n)der Deutsche:  male German (-n, -n)der einheimische:  native, local (-n, -n)der erwachsene:  adult (-n, -n)der Franzose: Frenchman (-n, -n)der fremde:  stranger (-n, -n)der fà ¼rst:  prince (-en, -en)der  gatte:  male spouse (-n, -n)der gefangene:  prisoner (-n, -n)der gelehrte:  scholar (-n, -n)der graf:  count (-en, -en)der heilige:  saint (-n, -n)der held:  hero (-en, -en)der herr:  gentleman, lord (-n, -en)der hirt:  herdsman (-en, -en)der kamerad:  comrade (-en, -en)der  kollege:  colleague (-n, -n)der kommandant:  commander (-en, -en)der kunde:  customer (-n, -n)der là ¶we:  lion; Leo (astrol.) (-n, -n)d er mensch:  person, human being (-en, -en)der nachbar:  neighbor (-n, -n) Often the -n ending is only used in the genitive singular. der junge:  boy (-n, -n)der kse:  cheese (-s, -)  The plural is usually  ksesorten.der planet:  planet (-en, -en)der prsident:  president (-en, -en)der prinz:  prince (-en, -en)der riese: giant (-n, -n)der soldat:  soldier (-en, -en)der tor:  fool, idiot (-en, -en)der verwandte:  relative (-n, -n) A final comment about these special masculine nouns. In common, everyday German (casual versus more formal register), the genitive -en or -n endings are sometimes replaced by an -es or -s. In some cases, the accusative or dative endings are also dropped.

Crimes and Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crimes and Punishment - Essay Example Rather than being focused upon something as simple as racial prejudice, class envy, or a type of god complex, the three exemplifications that will herein be discussed engendered elements of these; however, the root cause can ultimately be traced back to a fundamental deficit of respect and appreciation for the rights, wellbeing and life of another. With regards to the situation involving the police brutality that was exhibited in Edward Mason and Tom Mashberg’s piece entitled â€Å"Police Misconduct†, the situation ultimately hinges upon the manner in which the Boston Police Department formerly utilized a system known as the Early Intervention System (EIS). This system, 15 years old and all but out of use at the time of the incident that the authors related occurred, was a tool whereby the shareholders within upper management and oversight at the Boston Police Department could keep track of those officers that had a high level of complaints and grievances filed against them. As a function of this, the department would be able to seek to provide al level of administrative oversight, discipline, or reassignment based upon the nature and content that the reports which were gathered and tallied on each and every officer of the force. However, rather than keeping such a system up to date, the department allowed it to lapse; ultimately, the fact of the matter was the blame with regards to how the system broke down and allowed for the violent outburst of Officer Gerald L. Cofield (Mason & Mashberg 2). However, what is interesting about this particular case is the fact that what ultimately caused the situation was a lack of respect on both the part of the officer as well as a lack of respect on the part of the Boston Police Department. Though it is clear that the lack of respect on the part of the officer was what caused the given situation, the fact of the matter is that the lack of respect by the Boston Police Department was what convinced the officer t hat behaving in such a way in the first place would have few if any real repercussions. In this way, the lack of respect for the citizens by both parities allowed a situation in which a lack of oversight encouraged an already unhinged officer to behave in an incomprehensible fashion. Similarly, but not within the same vein, the second story deals with a situation in which both the police and the responsible medical personnel showed a complete lack of respect and/or concern for the African American Garth. Rather than providing him the immediate medical attention he would have required to ensure that his life was preserved, the medical professionals reasoned, in the words of the author, that he was merely â€Å"just another nigger† and of little importance (Bartholmae 711). Such an incidence has a profound and lasting effect on Robby as he begins to describe that the world is nothing but â€Å"stone cold hard bitch† (Bartholomae 713). The disenfranchisement with the worl d ultimately led him to lose respect for society as well as the individual within society. Although he ultimately ends up in prison, the reader cannot definitively put the blame of this all upon Robby. Rather, there remains a level of culpability with

Mother daughter relationship in Mary Gordon's Cleaning Up (short Essay

Mother daughter relationship in Mary Gordon's Cleaning Up (short story) - Essay Example ut working for what you receive; therefore, Loretta never bathes for fear that she would be â€Å"putting herself in the camp of the Lavins’ children† (p. xx). Although she doesn’t like children, she makes an effort to engage herself in play with the oldest child, John Lavin, as her way of â€Å"pa[ying] her board† (p. xx). She knew her mother would have expected this of her. Although it is never written that the Lavin family is anything but accommodating during Loretta’s stay, Loretta constantly feels like an outsider. She is convinced that her mother’s actions caused Martine Lavin, the matriarch of the family, and other community members to see her as an inferior person. Later, when she becomes a well-educated woman, she still feels that her old community would condemn her because of her mother’s earlier behavior. â€Å"Cleaning Up† is, in parts, consistent with Gordon’s life. In the story, Loretta attains the same leve l of education that Gordon currently has. Loretta’s pre-college schooling is better than what Gordon was provided, but both earn a Master’s degree and use it to teach. Mother Perpetua is Loretta’s greatest influence. According to an Internet biography, Gordon received the same kind of influence from Elizabeth Hardwick and Janice Thaddeus. Gordon actually considered becoming a nun, a lifestyle that Loretta also briefly contemplates. Finally, Loretta’s work ethic is similar to Gordon’s. Gordon worked to support herself, just like Loretta. Against her mother’s advice, Gordon performed secretarial work and babysat for Thaddeus to put herself through school. Gordon’s own mother, though disfigured from and afflicted with polio, also worked as a secretary to support her family because her husband wouldn’t. The fact that Loretta strives as hard as her mother would have wanted her to, makes it clear that Loretta loved her mother despite the turmoil she’d created. Even though Loretta never saw her mother again, she thinks about

Protestant Reformation Essay Example for Free

Protestant Reformation Essay Although the Protestant Reformation usually is interpreted as a religious movement, it did have a profound impact on European civilization in general. Discuss the political, social, and economic consequences of the Reformation. How did the Reformation affect women? The European Reformation was not a simple revolution, a protest movement with a single leader, a defined set of objectives, or a coherent organization. It was a series of parallel movements; within each of which various people with different perspectives for a crucial period in history combined forces to achieve the shared objectives. * Political Consequences: (1) Political History of the Era along with military confrontation. (2) Declining influence of the church. (3) Destroying of the concept of European unity. * Social Consequences: (1) Impact of women Including Martin Luther’s exaltation of marriage) (2) Shared responsibility of men and women- Men were leaders of household. (3) Peasants War * Economic Consequences: (1) People were free from medieval ideas and the tyranny of the Orthodox Church. (2) Moneylender was given a status in society. (3) By annihilating the economic power of the medieval Church, the Reformation paved the way for the rise of capitalism. The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The 1517 posting of Luthers Ninety-Five Theses laid the foundation for this shift in European history. An immediate and unfortunate effect of the Reformation was intolerance. Instead of showing the true spirit of Christ, that is, the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, the Reformation made thousands suffer on account of their religion. On the other hand, The Reformation led to a series of religious wars that culminated in the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), which devastated much of Germany, killing between 24.9 and 40% of its population.

Domestic Violence :: Family Violence

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Domestic violence include sex abuse and intentionally or unintentionally use of physical force such as slapping, hitting and causing other injuries to your partner, children, friends, etc. A psychologist and law school professor, Mary Ann Dutton, who is an expert in domestic violence described it as "a pattern of behavior in which one intimate partner uses physical violence, coercion, threats, intimidation, isolation and emotional, sexual or economic abuse to control and change the behavior of the other partner." (Taken from an article in www.womenslaw.org, by Valerie Despres)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These are actions considered as domestic violence:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DOMESTIC VIOLENCE is a pattern of abusive behavior which keeps one partner in a position of power over the other partner through the use of fear, intimidation and control. PHYSICAL ABUSE: Grabbing, pinching, shoving, slapping, hitting, hair pulling, biting, etc. Denying medical care or forcing alcohol and/or drug use. SEXUAL ABUSE: Coercing or attempting to coerce any sexual contact without consent, e.g., marital rape, forcing sex after physical beating, attacks on sexual parts of the body or treating another in a sexually demeaning manner. ECONOMIC ABUSE: Making or attempting to make a person financially dependent, e.g., maintaining total control over financial resources, withholding access to money, forbidding attendance at school or employment. EMOTIONAL ABUSE: Undermining a person's sense of self-worth, e.g., constant criticism, belittling one's abilities, name calling, damaging a partner's relationship with the children. PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE: Causing fear by intimidation, threatening physical harm to self, partner or children, destruction of pets and property, mind games or forcing isolation from friends, family, school and/or work. (Source from womenslaw.org) What are the causes of domestic violence? There are many factors that lead people to use violence. They use violence when they are stressed, angry, feeling hatred, drink too much alcohol, use drug. Children are more likely to grow up as violent men if they are influenced by their parents, brothers, sisters and friends, all of whom use violence. Culture plays an important role in domestic violence. For example in Asian culture or Asian American, parents usually hit their children when the children make mistakes or do not obey the parents’ orders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Men are much more likely to use violence than women. In the USA, women are the victims of violence at rate of 5 times more than men. â€Å"About 95% of victims of domestic violence are women. Over 50% of all women will experience physical violence in an intimate relationship, and for 24-30% of those women, the battering will be regular and on-going.

Racism: African American Races Essay

A social problem is a condition that at least some people in a community view as being undesirable. A big social problem in the world told would have to be racism. Some say that racism doesn’t exist but it does. Racism is a very strong word to use I have to say, but there have been a lot of unfairness and discriminations throughout the years in America. Which is what makes me interested in this topic the unfairness people receive from other people because the color of their skin. Some people I know have experienced unfair acts because of the content of their skin. Many people know that racism has occurred in the past when African Americans were treated unfairly being segregated from the opposite race. But most of that changed when people began to fight for equal rights having boycotts, protests, and consistently having those individuals who were racist know that they deserved equal rights as well as they did. And until they receive justice they were going to have their voices heard to receive justice. Racism is just with black people it’s with everybody. Any race can try anything, but there are still going to be those people who just converse with each other about other races. It’s definitely not only the Caucasian race it’s basically every race. The African-American race makes fun of the Caucasian and Latino races. The Latino race makes fun of the Caucasian and African American races. Everybody talks about everybody although it is not right I don’t believe that it will ever stop. I feel there should be a end to it simply because everybody is equal whether we want to believe it or not. So a stop to racism is a must it needs to happen now.

Economic impact of genetically modified foods Essay

Genetic engineering has resulted to the production of genetically modified foods. It entails altering the genetic make up of plants using a set of technologies. Genes are combined from different organisms through recombinant DNA technology. Genetic engineering results to enhanced food tastes and quality. It reduces the time for maturation and can be used to increase nutrients and yields of crops. Again the crops produced are stress tolerant and they are resistant to disease and pests and herbicides. Genes are taken from one species and inserted into another to produce quality products. Genetically modified foods were first established in the 1990s with most products being Soya, cottonseed and wheat. The process could involve taking DNA from favorable organisms and inserting in a plant or crop. Biotechnology can be used to solve difficult crop production challenges where the farmers using it do not have to worry about the quality of their products. The technique is environmentally friendly and hence poses no threat to the surrounding. It does not involve emission of pollutants to the atmosphere. Farmers using biotechnology in their crop production increase their incomes and acquire economic, environmental and social benefits. (Giannakas K & Yiannanaka, 90) Although some people fear consuming genetically modified crops extensive research has been done on them to ensure that they pose no health risk to consumers. They are similar to those produced using traditional methods of breeding. Prominent scientists have also cleared the concerns that GM would be a risk to the environment. To them GM is a safe way of improving agriculture. International organizations also support this viewpoint for instance Food and Agriculture Organization (F. A. O) of the United Nations and the European Commission. Therefore people should not fear consuming GM foods as they are safe. Land is a fixed resource which can only be modified by increasing its utility. Measures ought to be taken to ensure that idle land is put to effective use. However care should be taken to ensure that harmful effects do not occur to the environment. For instance cutting trees to plant GM crops would have negative effects on the climate. Trees control the levels of carbon dioxide and consequently global warming. Population on the other hand grows at higher rates and concerns that food shortages would arise, led to the introduction of biotechnology. Through genetic modification of crops the problems of land shortages or water resources can be well contained. Smaller areas of land can be used to produce large outputs. Genetically modified foods can help farmers produce more food products which is healthy and with fewer resources. Continued research by bio-technicians is done to ensure production meets the consumer’s specific demands. It can establish plants that are drought resistant and hence can survive hostile conditions. Genetically Modified crops can increase the incomes of countries tremendously. Developing countries can adopt GM technology as it will increase the GDP Gross Domestic Product. This income can be used to improve the infrastructure facilities in the less developed countries and this would see them embrace economic growth and development. Investment in improving the transportation network would improve the basis for other industries which can now easily transport their raw materials and finished goods to appropriate destinations. (Carpenter J & Gianessi L, 67) Trade will be promoted by using GM products. Most developing countries do not have a diversified economy and they over rely on agriculture. Agriculture is a critical industry which is affected by climatic changes, pesticides and other factors like invasion by animals. With Genetic Modification one is guaranteed of quality products. Developing countries use their agricultural products to earn foreign exchange through external trading processes like exports. Problems faced by farmers are rejection of their products by foreign consumers on the basis of poor quality. GM products are enhanced to ensure that they are of high quality and consequently will not be rejected. GM products require less use of pesticides as they are not very prone to such use. This further reduces the cost of production on farmers who will not have to buy pesticides. A reduction of costs is an economic gain to farmers. Such costs would reduce the profits that farmers could have got. Extensive use of Genetically Modified soyabeans increases their contribution to reduce pesticide application. Farmers can decrease the need for tillage which can cause reduction in soil erosion and thus reduce the water treatment costs that consumers incur annually. (Giannakas K & Yiannanaka, 85) GM crop production has led to the growth of the food industry to very high levels. The demand can be categorized into consumer levels, retailing level and food processors. Using Genetically Modified products is a safe way of enhancing people’s way of life substantially by improving their health care and their environment. It supplements the traditional cross breeding methods and hence is not a new venture. It is just a modification. Poverty in developing countries can be eliminated with the use of GM. Since most of Less Developed countries have not embraced technological advancement in the agricultural industry they rely on natural processes in their production. Natural processes pose a great threat as fluctuations are bound to occur affecting the quality and quantity of products produced. GM would see such farmers at better positions to handle the impact of natural calamities of crop production in terms of quantity and quality. Hunger would be a thing of the past if GM was completely embraced. With increased crop yields the poverty levels of people in developing countries would be eliminated. They would trade the surplus both internally and externally to earn incomes which they can use to raise their living standards. With abundant food production health related problems can be solved and this further reduces the costs that would have been incurred seeking health facilities. Use of GM would ensure that there is a sustainable agricultural system. Its use in cotton production for instance in India where the greatest challenge to cotton production is insect and pest invasion can be beneficial. Implementation of GM cotton production increased the production rates to unprecedented rates. The prior losses caused by reduced quantity due to insects and pests became a thing of the past. The GM product is more resistant to the pest and can cause a reduction of pesticides by higher levels while increasing the yields to approximately 80%. This translates to savings on insecticides. Other factors held constant of prices of GM cotton were relatively the same with those of non GM then there would be increased revenues earned. Sustainable agriculture is the key to food security. Population levels are projected to the distribution of resources among nations affect the way the market forces operate. Unequal distribution of resources precipitates variations of needs between the rich and the poor. Since the poor lack resources to advance in technology so that they can shift from agricultural production to industry. Adoption of the genetically modified crops would increase the production of crop yields. Food shortages in the developing countries affect the developed countries who feel the responsibility of assisting them through donations. Bio-technological aspects are driven by the need to solve issues that are critical in the society. Development of a GM rice project would work to help reduce the rates of blindness caused by deficiencies in vitamin A. Again crops that provide other important nutrients like iron can be GM controlled. Provision of foods with effective nutrients can help improve the health standards of people. With a decrease in the demand for pesticides the firms that produce them would face stiff competition which would see their prices reduced. This will be a negative impact to pesticide producing companies. They may be forced to lay off some of their employees and at extreme situations they may close down. GM food has great potential to provide health to humans especially in developing countries. For instance use of GM banana to prevent the some diseases like hepatitis B virus. Invention of genetically modified crops that can be used for medicinal purposes would be a positive advancement. Adjusting the crop to enable it accommodate important chemicals would reduce the costs of offering medical care. Quality and better products are produced using GM and these products can survive under a wide range of climate. This would ensure more production of such goods which can be used for consumption as well as for exports and local markets. GM products are more attractive to consumers since they have been modified to suit different needs. More preference would mean higher sales when goods are placed in the markets and consequently more incomes. (Carter A. nd Guillaume G, 20) Growing GM crops without use of spray chemicals makes the crop easier for farmers to grow at reduced costs. The indirect costs would be reduced for instance the cost of labour used in spraying the pesticides as well as the environmental hazards created. Other benefits of using GM are that it is possible to enhance the quality of crops by emphasizing on the positive ones while removing the undesirable qualities. Using genetic technology is faster than using conventional breeding. Water use is also effectively reduced when pesticides are not used. GM reduces the work that would have been done if it was considered. (Carpenter J & Gianessi L, 70) Genetic engineering instills fear in people but such fears are uncalled for as they are based on prejudice and exaggerations. It has seen many people rise from poverty to grace. GM cultivation is among the most economically viable form of farming. It has led to the reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases which are responsible for global warming. This is due to the fact that the pesticides use is minimal. Production of fertilizers emits hazardous gases like nitric acid which cause the greenhouse effects. Farmers using GM crops in developing countries can afford to educate their children as well as provide for their families. Educating children especially in the developing countries is a step to breaking the vicious cycle of poverty. This is because with the investment in education overeliance in agriculture would be reduced. With GM, crops can be made to grow at shorter periods with increased desirable qualities. Drought resistant crops can be use to alleviate the famine problems in developing countries. With shorter spans of maturity crops can be used for commercial purposes earning farmers incomes. GM products can be enhanced to stay fresh for longer to allow for effective transportation. This can be done to flowers and fruits which are quite perishable. The costs of preservation can be reduced as it would not be required with the same intensity it could have been, had GM production not been considered. Again, wastage is reduced when ‘fresh’ periods are prolonged. Production of GM products can be cheaper due to the fact that they can be made firm hence consist lesser amount of water and require less amount of water when harvesting and consequently less energy in processing them to other products. For instance, tomato puree in Britain. Less energy in production caused lesser costs to the producers who charged lower prices to consumers. GM Soya helps save costs of using herbicides as weeds are controlled. (Falck-Zepeda et al, 2) Critics raise concerns that since pollen grains of GM can easily be carried to other plants through insects or wind, eventually all crops will be genetically modified. To them this will be a disastrous effect. Countries which could have greatly gained from GM, have not embraced the idea. Some, especially from the developing countries, were quick to note that GM did not help their farmers. Contamination is therefore bound to occur where GM soyabean pollen grains may be contaminated with GM maize pollens. Concerns are however raised that the profits are the main reasons for advocating for GM. Companies that engage in expensive and extensive research do so with their own vested interests of earning more income. It is argued that the motive behind their implementation is to make money and the argument placed before that GM was to help solve the food shortages. Extensive research ought to be carried out to establish the actual impact of GM so that consumers are well aware of the products they consume. Crop losses that are incurred when pests invade crops are minimized using GM because it ensures reduced insects and pests. This translates to higher revenues acquired, as there are less financial losses. Consumers are attracted to such products, as they are not linked with exposure to chemicals from pesticides. Some people shy away from crops exposed to pesticides for health reasons and they would have an option if GM crops were embraced. Another advantage of GM is that it is herbicide tolerant. Naturally it may be harder or difficult to remove weeds through tilling in some farms precipitating the need to use herbicides to control the weeds. Tilling is a time consumingactivity as well as expensive. When spraying such herbicides, care must be taken, as it would affect the entire group. All crops might be destroyed or they could be negatively affected when spraying the herbicides. GM products are not affected by the herbicides and hence their production will be better placed. They are also resistant to some disease causing organisms like fungi, bacteria and viruses. Ensuring that the plants are disease resistant will ensure the plants survival. (Falck-Zepeda et al, 2) Genetically Modified products can be made cold tolerant so that genes from a cold water fish can be used to produce crops that are more tolerant to cold temperatures. With the rise in population and fixed land for cultivation, there is need to utilize the drought stricken areas to increase their utility. GM crops are more drought resistant so that crop production is increased and it will be a step forward in ensuring that food security was attained. Land that was formerly inhabitable due to salinity or drought can be reclaimed. ( IFT, 45) The malnutrition problem in third world countries that is responsible for childhood deaths can be reduced with utilization of GM products that are enriched with appropriate vitamins. Since people in developing countries rely on the staple foods, which are mostly starch, they lack the necessary nutrients to fight malnutrition. Malnourished children are not able to successfully pursue their education and are therefore a problem to the whole country. If the developing countries suffering from this problem can embrace the Genetically Modified rice or other products that have such nutrients, their economy would grow eventually. ‘A healthy nation is wealthy nation. ’ Sicknesses associated with lack of appropriate nutrients require finances for treatment and such costs can be reduced. (Domingo L, 1749) Other concerns raised against GM production are fears that the cost of the GM products may rise uncontrollably especially if the genetic engineering firms who have invested a lot in research were to be given patent rights. They could only exist to perpetuate inequalities between the rich who could easily afford them and the poor who lack the means to attain them. Governments of respective countries ought to be keen in establishing the regulations governing the effects and approval of new GM varieties in their countries. However the tests done to verify the impacts of GM crops are run by governments but they are conducted by the GM companies themselves. The results could therefore be interfered with to give false information depending on vested interests. Gene modification is a complex activity that could cause allergies to people as they entail induction of proteins and new genes. Again the genes may be incompatible resulting to absurd effects and this raises concerns that the toxic effects could arise with the interruption of the native genetic structure. GM crops are resistant to antibiotics and there are worries that this would eventually be transferred to human beings thus affecting their health. Since GM crops are pest resistant they may lead to the extinction of some species. Chemical based farming affects wildlife especially in the farms. Birds and insects that influence the natural arable processes in the farm could have their existence affected if weeds are completely eliminated. Critics of GM foods argue that genetic engineering is not the solution to the food related problems especially in developing countries. Most people are not malnourished because of food shortages but because of its inaccessibility. Unequal distribution of resources is the main reason why some people cannot afford necessities like food. Governments of respective countries should handle the inequality issue in their country.

US Role in Foreign Policy essays

US Role in Foreign Policy essays The role of foreign policy in the United States is a widely disputed area of politics. There are two distinct schools of thought that I believe, upon combining, will lead to a better approach to foreign policy. The first school of thought is hegemonic realism, the second, prudent realism. Through these two approaches America will be able to do a better job in helping other nations, while achieving our national interests. The advantage of combining these two schools is in a sense, combining the best of both worlds. It is not my belief that this approach is in any way the best. However, I firmly believe that this is the best of our current options. When considering foreign policy we, (The US) must take into account and constantly remind ourselves that the US makes up a small population of the world. The importance of this reminder is quite obvious. We can not without justification put national interests ahead of our humanity. We have learned from mistakes in the past that harsh reparations drive a country to instability, resulting in the rise of dangerous leaders. For instance, Adolf Hitler rose to power because of the harsh reparations after WW I. The ideals behind prudent realism stem from the results of WW I. My approach to prudent realism is to synthesize only a couple points from that school of thought and apply them to hegemonic realism. One aspect of prudent realism that is beneficial is, the analysis of the importance of different global affairs. Prudent realism breaks the severity of threats down into three different categories. The exact details of what the categories are, are irrelevant. The important part about this is the notion that we can apply our resources to the most needed areas of the world, while still protecting our national interests. Humanitarian disasters will be more successfully diminished when all life comes into the national interests of the United Stat ...

Guilty Discussion Game for English Learners

Guilty Discussion Game for English Learners Guilty is a fun classroom game which encourages students to communicate using past tenses. The game can be played by all levels and can be monitored for varying degrees of accuracy. The game gets students interested in detail which helps to refine students questioning abilities. Guilty can be used as an integrated game during lessons focusing on past forms, or just to have fun while communicating. Aim: Communicating with Past Forms Activity: Question and Answer Game Level: All Levels Outline Start by describing a crime which happened last night. Each student pair will be interrogated by the rest of the class and will create alibis to prove they are innocent.Have students get into pairs.Have the students develop their alibis for where they were when the crime was committed. Encourage them to go into as much detail as possible when discussing their alibis.Go around the classroom getting an alibi statement from each group (e.g. We were away for a weekend trip to the countryside).Write the individual alibis on the board.Once each group has developed their alibis, ask them to write down 3 questions about the other alibis on the board.To begin the game, ask one student from the beginning pair to leave the room. The other students ask the first student the questions.Ask the other student to return to the classroom and have the students ask the same questions. Take note of how many differences there were in the students responses.Repeat the same with each student pair.The guilty pair is the pair with the most discrepancies in their story. For more information on teaching past tenses, here are some how-to guides: How to Teach Past SimpleHow to Teach Past ContinuousHow to Teach Past Perfect ContinuousBack to lessons resource page

Euro crisis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Euro crisis - Assignment Example In other it will shed light on the factors that are responsible for the generation of such situation. Furthermore the consequences of the euro crisis will be emphasized. Some examples will be also presented to illustrate the impact of the situation. During the year 1992 the leaders from Europe signed an agreement on ‘European Union’. The agreement was also known as Maastricht Treaty (â€Å"Key Dates in the History of European Integration†). The contract laid the foundation of the fiscal union and was also about the adoption of Euro. The treaty eventually bounded all the monetary policies & currencies to bring it under one single roof. This included the countries such as GIIPS (except Greece), countries with stable and largest economies and also the nations of northern Europe with successful economy. The northern European members such as Germany, Belgium, Austria, France, and the Netherlands expected that the economy will diffuse throughout the whole periphery. The members of EUN also thought that their economies will prevail over the economies of GIIPS. Averaging the public borrowings costs and the inflation levels for the period of 1980 to 1990, the GIIPS (except Greece) witnessed that their interest rates and inflation congregates with the EUN in the year 1990 (â€Å"Europe’s Debt Crisis: More Than a Fiscal Problem†). The Mauritian financial system was affected by a major outside factor and this time it is the financial crisis in Europe or popularly known as the Euro zone Crisis. The European sovereign debt crisis or popularly known as the Euro Crisis is an ongoing financial emergency that has caused difficulties for a number of countries from Europe in refinancing the debt of their Government (Khan). The situation got worse to such extent that without assistance of any third party it will be impossible for the respective Governments to repay their debts. In

Implication of Bad Managerial Ethics in Enron Term Paper

Implication of Bad Managerial Ethics in Enron - Term Paper Example On the other hand, the failure of a business venture can be attributed to upholding unethical values such as deception and complacency. Ethics can be understood well by paying special attention to the Enron scandal. This paper discusses the implications of unethical practice. It begins by bringing out the unethical practices that occurred at Enron and the implications. To begin with, the Enron scam, unearthed in 2001, eventually caused the collapse of Enron, an Energy Corporation based in the United States and the complete closure of an accounting and re-organization firm called Arthur Andersen. Apart from being the mega insolvency reorganization in the history of the United States during that time, Enron was also regarded as the huge audit failure. Enron problems owe their origin to Jeffrey Skilling, who created a group of executives that used accounting loopholes, specific purpose entities and negative financial reporting to hide huge amount of dollars in the form of debts that cam e from scrupulous deals as well as projects (Swartz & Sherron, 2004). Chief Financial Manager Andrew Fastow together with other managers not only confused Enron’s management board and accounts committee on highly vulnerable accounting practices, but also forced Andersen to overlook the issues (Collins, 2006). Shareholders lost eleven billion dollars (Schein, 2005), when the price of stocks at Enron that had gained a peak of ninety dollars per share as of mid 2000, dropped by less than one dollar by the close of 2001.The United States Securities and Commission of Exchange started an inquiry, and rival competitor from Houston, Dynergy wanted to buy the firm at a subsidized price. The deal collapsed, and in2001, Enron petitioned for insolvency under chapter eleven of the US Bankruptcy Law (Cruver, 2003). Furthermore, the implication was that many managers at Enron Corporation were arrested for a several charges and later put behind bars. The auditor at Enron, Arthur Andersen, wa s proven guilty by a District Court in the US. However, when the decision was rescinded by the United States Supreme Court, the firm had lost many customers. Workers and shareholders got limited returns from lawsuits, despite forfeiting billions in form of pensions as well as stock prices. As a result of the scam, new rules and laws were passed to increase the validity of financial communication for public firms. The unethical events that took place at Enron included embracing a culture which regarded innovation coupled with unlimited ambition to be vital factors that produced good returns within a short time. However, this theory focused on the short term aspect rather than long term whereby achieving maximum profits becomes cumbersome. This forces employees to bend the rules until the limitations of ethics are ignored in the quest for success (Toffler & Jennifer, 2004). It is worth noting that Enron enjoyed a lot of success initially by raking in a lot of earnings as well as cash flows. Therefore, in order to maintain this trend they resorted to join a faulty network of partnerships and also employed questionable auditing procedures. Enron managers thought that it was the best path for the organization. The crucial question that comes out of this initiative is whether it was ethical for the executives to pursue that course. In my view, it can be said that to some extent it was given the fact that the company realized a lot of earnings. However, to a large extent the behavior depicted by the executives of Enron constituted the highest violation of ethical values since it is responsible for the collapse of Enron. In addition, my